BACKGROUND: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia is often clinically silent and associated with increased cardiovascular risk, particularly in women. Conventional ECG-based detection is limited, ...
Abstract: Cardiac output (CO) is a vital hemodynamic parameter that reflects the blood volume pumped by the heart per minute. A less-invasive way to estimate CO is by analyzing arterial blood pressure ...
Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) is a natural reflexive eye movement in oculomotor studies, reflecting the health status of the ...
Abstract: In bilevel optimization, the upper-level optimization problem (ULOP) requires to be solved under the constraint of the inner lower-level optimization problem (LLOP). However, it is ...