Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the ...
The US equity market stands at the most extreme valuations in history, on the measures we find best correlated with actual ...
Learn how batting average in finance measures an investment manager’s performance against a benchmark and why a 50% rate is crucial for success.
Learn how using historical data, instead of standard deviation, offers a more accurate assessment of stock volatility and risk management strategies.
Abstract: In this paper, diffusion-based molecular communication with ligand receptor receivers is studied. Information messages are assumed to be encoded via variations of the concentration of ...
Abstract: This article presents a flexible modeling framework for multitarget tracking based on the theory of outer probability measures. The notion of labeled uncertain finite set is introduced and ...
“There are known knowns. There are known unknowns. But there are also unknown unknowns—things we do not yet realize we do not know.”—Donald Rumsfeld (2002) While modern machine learning (ML) ...