Abstract: The transportation problem is a classic yet critical challenge in the field of optimization. This paper first introduces the idea and fundamentals of the particle swarm optimization ...
Introduction: This study presents a modified version of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) using an all-optical computational update mechanism. The primary innovation and objective of this ...
Abstract: In real life, there are many problems with conditional constraints, which can be regarded as constrained optimization problems. The difficulty in solving this type of problem lies in how to ...